A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture development strategies and their effect on the sustainable livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of Bandar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. Sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. Sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural development, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable livelihood strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural development to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The concept of sustainable development was defined in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission) for which it «meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.» Sustainability is a concept and cannot be measured directly. Appropriate indicators must be selected to determine levels and duration of sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate selected criteria and indicators of agricultural sustainability (with emphasis on economics indicators) at the national level. A sustainable agriculture must sustain the economic viability of the farming operation. The 2007 Iran census indicated approximately 20 million or 31 percent of the population live on rural. This paper presents economics factors of agriculture sustainable development for the years 2003 and 2007. It has used four indicators of agriculture productions insurance, Non-farms income, Profit margin and production productivity (product in surface). The sustainability index suggests that Iran agriculture is only slightly sustainable. On the basis of the indicators analyzed above, the Iran agriculture (economics sustainability) tends towards slightly sustainable: insufficient agriculture productions insurance, low income farms, low stability of the indexes of per capita production and low investment rate of return.

Multifunctional agriculture (MFA) has emerged as a keyconcept in science and politics with respect to the futureof agriculture and rural development in the recent decade. Overall, MFA implies that in addition to their main function inproduction and support of rural livelihood, the agricultural activitieshave some other advantages for the environmentincluding the conservation of water and soil resources and theenhancement of food security. This paper takes a look at thebenefits of MFA as a concept and path toward agricultural developmentfrom an integrated perspective within the frameworkof sustainable development. Also, it tries to clarify the distinctionbetween MFA and conventional agriculture in sustainable developmentapproaches.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

The main purpose of this research was to identify the challenges facing development of precision agriculture in Iran. A descriptive survey research was undertaken and questionnaire was used to collect the data. The research population included agricultural specialists and experts familiar with precision agriculture (N=450) and by using proportional stratified sampling, a sample of 117 was selected based on the Cochran formula. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Its reliability was established by collecting 30 questionnaires and Computed Cronbach’s alpha score was 81%, which indicated that the questionnaire was highly reliable. All survey data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0). The results indicated that 50 percent of the variances in the challenges of developing precision agriculture could be explained by infrastructural and educational, content, managerial, human resources, extensional and program planning.

Sustainable management of land is possible through planning its use within the framework of suitable spatial balance for human activities with environmental capabilities. Therefore, adequate identification and understanding of the balance and imbalances of the spatial structure, and also understanding of the concept of consistency and its required resources, are the basis for optimal planning toward reducing Incompatibilities and spatial conflicts. In the current study, the spatial balance of land uses is measured after evaluating land capability, and three options including balanced development, unbalanced development, and possible development are presented for decision-making. The evaluation of the ecological potential of the land is based on the capability assessment of ecological components, and the present study is focused on this assessment for the development of irrigated farming. Capability assessment is based on 9-factor criteria (slope, height above sea level, average annual temperature, soil suitability class for agriculture, land unit, soil depth, soil fertility, soil drainage, and programmable agricultural water) and 8 constraint criteria (cover type and production Pasture, forest habitat, soil salinity, soil erosion, flooding, culturally sensitive areas, ecologically sensitive areas, and incompatible land use). According to the results obtained, about 32 thousand hectares of the province's area can be developed for irrigated farming, of which 78% is currently allocated to irrigated agriculture and has a balanced development. Results indicate that currently about 6100 hectares of the province lands (1.2% of the province) still have a natural capacity for the development of irrigated farming, but the land use has not been allocated to it, and about 14% of the province's lands are covered by the development of unbalanced irrigated agriculture, and does not have the sufficient ecological capacity for agricultural development.

This research assesses the agricultural development level of Kermanshah province's townships in order to provide appropriate context for regional development planning. To do this we employed 52 indicators, and after removing the differencs among indicators from various scales and weighing them using factor analysis method the final compositional indicator was determined. The results show that the most variation coefficient exists for agricultural infrastructures, work force and institutional composite indexes; Also Kermanshah and Eslamabad- e Gharb placed first and second in developmental ranking and Pave and Salas & Babajani ranked eleventh and twelfth. Furthermore Pearson correlation approved positive so that a significant relation was seen between infrastructure and institutional indexes with other agricultural sub-sectors development. Therefore focusing on balanced agriculture development in the province with more emphasis on infrastructure, institutional and work force development was recommended.

Urban agriculture is a widely used sustainability strategy to improve the stability of a city. One way to deal with urban problems is urban agriculture development. Urban agriculture can be a vital livelihood strategy for the urban poor in many developing countries resulting in benefits including enhanced food security and economic empowerment. In this regard, suitable conditions must be provided to use urban agricultural capacities. The aim of this study is to identify the driving factors of urban agriculture development. For this reason, driving factors to the development of urban agriculture are identified in the literature review, or by reviewing related researches, field observations and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts (urban planners, agriculture specialists and university faculty Members) in Tabriz city. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed with interpretive structural modeling technique and a MICMAC analysis. Findings show that research-development factor along with other factors such as,extension-education and financialtechnical support is the main driving factor of UA development and must be considered and reviewed more than other factors.